Perforator Pedicled Propeller Flaps

Abstract

Hyakusoku et al. [1] presented a propeller flap for reconstruction of axilla and cubitus in 1991. The original propeller flap has been used for intact fossa and was elevated as a subcutaneous pedicled island flap. Nowadays, this propeller flap has been refined and various types of propeller flaps have been reported [2–11]. The represented one is the perforator pedicled propeller (PPP) flap [5], and this procedure is now considered to be another option for use of perforator flaps. Acentric perforator pedicle (Fig. 49.1a) enables the flap to rotate 180° [6, 7], and this flap can cover a long-distance defect (Fig. 49.1b).