Perforasomes of the facial artery

Abstract

BackgroundThe facial artery perforator flap is a valuable alternative for reconstruction of small to medium defects in the central midface. Not only does it provide pleasing cosmetic results, it also allows reconstruction in a one‐stage procedure. Even though facial artery perforators have been examined by anatomical studies during the past years, there is still little knowledge of the vascular territories provided by these vessels. Aiming to make facial artery perforator flaps a plannable and safer procedure, this study examines the location and size of the vascular territories provided by facial artery perforators.Material and methods20 facial arteries of fresh specimen have been dissected. All perforators with an external diameter of at least 0,50 mm have been identified and injected with Methylene blue‐ or Eosin Y‐solutions to color their appendant vascular territories. All colored skin territories have been photographed, digitalized and measured. Their location, as well as the location of the perforating vessels, has been shown. All results were statistically analyzed.Results95 perforators with an external diameter of at least 0,50 mm have been identified. The average number of perforators per facial artery was 4,75. The mean external diameter at the origin of the facial artery was 0,64 ± 0,14 mm. The mean size of the colored skin territories was 5,62 ± 4,83 cm2. There was a statistical correlation between perforator diameter and the size of its vascular territory.ConclusionTwo areas have been shown in which facial artery perforators originate frequently. Their location has been described in relation to a bone structure. Size and shape of the vascular territories show a high variability with regions of increased density. The graphical illustration of the location of the facial artery perforators and their vascular territories can help making facial artery perforator flaps a better plannable procedure.