Perfil de preceptores e metodologias empregadas na formação de médicos residentes de um Hospital de Ensino do Estado do Pará

Abstract

In the current context of medicine, new demands around the full attention to the patient arise, thus requiring changes in the training of health professionals. Innovative methods of teaching and learning process in health courses in the world have already been used for over 30 years, although in Brazil only for more than a decade. In medical residency (MR), the learning process is based on the transmission of medical preceptor experience for the resident. Objective: so an improvement in this process requires significant changes in the training of preceptors. In order to know the methods and knowledge of the preceptors on methodologies and active references, in a teaching hospital, as well as their knowledge about active methods. Methods: it was developed an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative nature, through semi-structured interviews. Three thematic axes were discussed: I- characterization of receptors; II- fields of work, III-knowledge and teaching methods praxis, with emphasis on the interest of these preceptors to participate in pedagogical training in active methodologies. The content analysis under the perspective of Bardinwas used to study the data in this research. Results: The demographic characteristics of the participants were: predominantly female and aged between 50 and 60 years in the eight Registration Units (RU) addressed. All participants verbalized the use of real clinical case discussion or simulated for the pursuit of knowledge and evaluation of medical residents, although eight RU report not knowing the active methods of teaching and learning. Twelve (12) RU report they meet these methodologies and eight have reported the use of any active method in their daily practice. Conclusion: analyzing these perceptions, one may conclude that all interviewed preceptors have already used any active method, but in a intuitive way, since there’s indents suggested to aquire theoretical knowledge aboutt he cases taken in the medical scenario in practice. All participants have mencioned the necessity of more pedagogical training and have also reported that the influence of this lake leads to a weakening of the right practice of receptorism. Moreover, this variable, all involved cited the institutional infrastructure, continuing education guarantee, job plans, career and compensation for preceptors with motivating strategies and promoting quality in the teaching and learning process. From the theoretical trajectory of this study It was proposed a pedagogical training project in active methodologies for preceptors of MR of FSCMPA.