Perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and reactions to poor personal performances among intercollegiate athletes

Abstract

ObjectivesThe ability of athletes to successfully ‘bounce back’ from failure and adversity is generally viewed as a central characteristic of psychological resilience in sport. Therefore, understanding how and why athletes react in certain ways to adversity and failure in competition is of primary interest to sport practitioners. The purpose of this study was to determine if perfectionism—or, more specifically, the higher-order dimensions of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns—was associated with the dispositional tendencies of athletes to respond to poor personal performances with self-compassion, optimism, pessimism, and rumination. DesignA cross-sectional correlational design was employed. MethodA total of 239 (140 men, 99 women) intercollegiate team-sport athletes (M age = 20.50 years, SD = 1.99) completed a measure of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns in sport. Athletes also completed self-report measures that asked them to indicate the extent to which they typically responded with self-compassion, optimism, pessimism, and rumination following poor personal performances in sport. ResultsStandardized regression coefficients from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perfectionistic concerns was negatively associated with self-compassion and optimism, and positively associated with pessimism and rumination (all ps < 0.001), whereas perfectionistic strivings was positively associated with self-compassion and optimism, and negatively associated with pessimism (all ps < 0.01). ConclusionsFindings illustrate important links between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and athletes' cognitive reactions to personal failure in competitive sport. Results also support the benefits of assessing athletes’ psychological perfectionistic reactivity (Flett & Hewitt, 2016) in the context of poor personal performances in sport.