Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage under real-time MRI guidance: Initial experience in an animal model

Abstract

Aims To assess percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) under real-time MRI-guidance and compare it to procedures performed under fluoroscopy. Methods We developed an in vitro model for MRI-guided and conventional PTCD, using an animal organ set including liver and bile ducts placed in an MRI-compatible box and tested it in a 1.0-Tesla open MRI-scanner. Prototype 18G needles and guide wires, standard guide wires, dilatation bougies, and drainages were used (MRI-compatible). MRI-visualization was by means of a bFFE real-time sequence using a surface coil (Flex-L). Outcome measurements were success rates and time needed for bile duct puncture using real-time MRI-guidance versus conventional radiologic methods in the model. Cannulation and drainage placement were also analysed. Results Fifty MRI-guided experiments were performed, leading to rapid (mean: 43 s, range: 15–72 s) and successful puncture and cannulation in 96% of procedures. Median drainage placement time was 321.5 s (range: 241–411 s). In 35 control experiments under fluoroscopy, puncture success was 69%, whereas times were significantly longer (mean 273 s, range 45–631 s). Conclusions Initial in vitro experience shows that PTCD can be successfully and rapidly performed under real-time MRI-guidance and demonstrates improved performance compared to the conventional radiologic approach.