Abstract
Efficient syntheses of xanthenes have been described using a catalytic amount of perchloric acid in water. The high temperature and lengthy reaction time normally required for formation of xanthenes derivatives are not necessary when using a catalytic amount of perchloric acid. The method is relatively inexpensive, easily available, nonvolatile, nonexplosive, and thermally robust to catalyze the reaction at 80 °C by simple heating with good to excellent yields. The advantages of the reaction involve simple reaction protocol, simple workup, and improved synthesis in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst.
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