Perceptual Transparency From Cast Shadow.

Takahiro Kawabe

doi:10.1177/2041669519844272

Abstract

This study examined how a shadow contributes to the perception of a transparent surface. As stimuli, we used computer graphics images in which a transparent surface with a color-mosaic pattern casts a shadow onto a background surface. We manipulated two parameters: (a) the spatial heterogeneity of the transmittance of the transparent surface and (b) the size of the light source shining on the transparent surface and its background. The latter parameter determined the blurriness of shadows. Observers judged whether the stimulus image contained a transparent surface or not. We found that the proportion of reports identifying a transparent surface was dependent on both parameters we tested. Specifically, a high spatial heterogeneity of transmittance decreased the proportion of reports of a transparent surface; this was possibly because globally defined X-junctions, which were one of the cues to perceptual transparency, perceptually broke down. On the other hand, blurred shadows were effective even when the global X-junctions were not effective. Locally defined X-junctions only moderately contributed to perceptual transparency. The results indicate that in addition to global and local X-junctions, blurred shadows are image features that elicit the perception of transparency from a cast shadow. A large individual difference as to which information each participant used as a cue to perceptual transparency was also discussed.

Highlights

Human observers detect a transparent surface from various image cues (Sayim & Cavanagh, 2011)
Unless other cues such as textures in the background surface are available, the X-junctions formed between the edge of a transparent surface and the edge of a shadow are the only cues that can trigger perceptual transparency
The results indicate that perceptual transparency elicited by a cast shadow generally comes from surface segregation on the basis of global and local X-junctions, and that a blurred shadow contributes to perceptual transparency even if the global and local X-junctions’ influence breaks down due to strong heterogeneity of transmittance in the transparent surface

Summary

Introduction

Human observers detect a transparent surface from various image cues (Sayim & Cavanagh, 2011). Light that penetrates the body of the transparent material is reflected from the background surface. The spatial pattern of the reflected light is the shadow of the transparent material. Unless other cues such as textures in the background surface are available, the X-junctions formed between the edge of a transparent surface and the edge of a shadow are the only cues that can trigger perceptual transparency

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion