Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how the perceptual response of athletes differed depending on their sporting expertise. This was achieved by comparing the responses of tennis and soft tennis players. Twelve experienced tennis players and 12 experienced soft tennis players viewed computer graphic serve motions simulated by a motion perturbation technique, and then scaled their anticipatory judgments regarding the direction, speed, and spin of the ball on a visual analogue scale. Experiment 1 evaluated the player’s judgments in response to test motions rendered with a complete polygon model. The results revealed significantly different anticipatory judgments between the player groups when an elbow rotation perturbation was applied to the test serve motion. Experiment 2 used spatially occluded models in order to investigate the effectiveness of local information in making anticipatory judgments. The results suggested that the isolation of visual information had less effect on the judgment of the tennis players than on that of the soft tennis players. In conclusion, the domain of sporting expertise, including those of closely related sports, cannot only differentiate the anticipatory judgment of a ball’s future flight path, but also affect the utilization strategy for the local kinematic information.
Highlights
IntroductionSome sports belong to a family of related games; a sport may be a descendant of another sport and a cousin to other sports
An analogy can be made between different sports games and “members of a family”
No obvious trend was observed between the expertise of play and all anticipatory judgments, which indicate that players from tennis and soft tennis predicted the future ball flight in a similar fashion
Summary
Some sports belong to a family of related games; a sport may be a descendant of another sport and a cousin to other sports. Softball is a direct descendant of baseball, while cricket belongs to the bat-and-ball family of games that includes softball and baseball. Football is another family of sports, which includes soccer, futsal, and rugby. Some rules and equipment differ among the members in a family of sports, the required motor skills are similar and are often transferrable from one sport in the family to another. The court size and basic rules of soft tennis are the same as those of tennis; the equipment used is significantly different. The instantaneous ball velocity during a high performance tennis serve is known to exceed 200 km/h, whereas that of soft tennis serve was estimated to be a maximum of 190 km/h (Ida, et al, 2002)
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