Abstract

Rapid urbanisation and quest for better livelihood, push-pull factor of occupations education, policy changes attract large scale rural population to urban areas. It is well documented that in spite of better public health facilities including tertiary care hospitals which are available in the urban areas but the services are underutilised by the urban poor. Aim: Hence, in this paper, it is attempted to comprehend the reasons for underutilisation of available public health facilities and to compare the difference with non-slum areas of the major metropolitan cities of India. Methods: A secondary data from National Family Health Survey-III for five major metropolitan cities namely, Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai is used for the analysis. Slum data which are classified by both the agencies, that is census of India and NFHS-III as slum households only considered for analysis. Results: In Mumbai slums about 90% of the households are having water sources from public tap or piped to yard followed by Hyderabad having better water supply and Chennai slum dwellers having minimum access to good water sources. About 11.4% of the households do not know where their toilet drainage is connected. There is a significant (P 0.05) 75% to 79%, Kolkata and Chennai have parallel high proportion, that is more than 95% (P > 0.05) and Mumbai stands as median percent age as 89.6. Apart from Delhi, about 40% to 45% of the slum population is in the opinion of “long waiting time” in the government hospitals, and the same trend of proportions is observed for “poor quality of service”.

Highlights

  • The United Nations predicts that the world urban population will grow nearly two billion [1] by 2030

  • Ample opportunities for health care, education and employment are available in the urban areas, but the newly migrated urban poor are reluctant to utilise the government facilities

  • In another study from Delhi slums [9], it is reported that tap water is 41.2%, ground water is 56.1%, and other sources are 50.8% [9]

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Summary

Introduction

The United Nations predicts that the world urban population will grow nearly two billion [1] by 2030. The employment opportunity in the urban areas and the migration are in direct proportions Slum dwellers ignore their health due to low literacy level, lack of awareness and reluctant to lose wage. Effective Health service for urban poor, which is a desperate need, their unwillingness to avail the health care facility and there are some bottle necks from the supply side. This implies that cases of infections, malnourishment in women and children and deaths rates are high in slum areas

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