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Abstract
Public involvement is critical to the successful implementation of reclaimed water reuse programs. Based on the participatory research method, we studied the attitudes of the stakeholders who are involved in reclaimed water reuse in Beijing, China. Results showed that the general public’s knowledge on water resources was poor, while their awareness on reclaimed water reuse was high. The general public showed a strong acceptance of non-contact and non-potable reclaimed water reuse, but their acceptance of the three major water reuse types of river water supplement, park water supplement, and agriculture irrigation was not high. The beneficial use of reclaimed water was admired by water resource managers, industrial sectors, and researchers, and these stakeholders strongly supported the advancement of reclaimed water reuse. However, some of the stakeholders showed concerns about the potential risks from reclaimed wastewater reuse. Among them, risks from waste water treatment facilities were the biggest concern. Stakeholders’ perception of reclaimed water was influenced by their social-economic attributes. This study will enrich the current survey findings on public perception of reclaimed water reuse, particularly in developing countries.
Highlights
As the urban water shortage grows and water purification technologies advance, municipal wastewater is being reclaimed and reused in increasing volumes and for more purposes around the world [1]
While the proposal gained the support of technical experts and regulatory approval by the California Department of Health Services, the plan failed to materialize due to public opposition and local politics [5]
The residents of Beijing are cognizant of the city’s water supplies and wastewater treatment situations: 75% of the respondents realize that the city is facing a severe water shortage; 70% of the respondents are aware of the massive municipal wastewater collection and treatment infrastructures; and 97% of the respondents recognize the public health hazards and needs of properly treating and disposing of municipal wastewaters (Table 2)
Summary
As the urban water shortage grows and water purification technologies advance, municipal wastewater is being reclaimed and reused in increasing volumes and for more purposes around the world [1]. China has a successful urban water reuse program. Environmental, and economical concerns, successful water reuse programs depend on acceptance and support from the general public [4]. In 1994, San Diego (California, USA) proposed that reclaimed wastewater undergo tertiary treatment processes including coagulation-precipitation, granulated activated carbon filtration, microfiltration, and UV disinfection so that the treated water can be used as part of the supply for the city’s source water storage reservoir. While the proposal gained the support of technical experts and regulatory approval by the California Department of Health Services, the plan failed to materialize due to public opposition and local politics [5]
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