Abstract
Aim: It is important to meet the aesthetic expectation regarding the smile concept of both dentists and non-professionals after treatment is complete. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the effects of altered displays in incisors, gingival margin, and other smile-related-factors on dentists’ vs. non-professionals’ aesthetics perceptions. Materials and method: We altered the features of 42 digital smile photographs to generate the changed displays in incisors, gingival margin, and other smile-related-factors. Then, these altered photographs were presented to 51 dentists and 51 non-professionals, and each picture was rated by each participant with a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (very ugly) to 100 (very beautiful). Results: We found that the alterations in incisors, gingival margin, and other factors affected studied groups’ aesthetic perception of smile. The ugly smile threshold rated by both groups for crown length of maxillary central incisors was 2.0 mm. This threshold was 2.5 mm for dentists, with moving the gingival margin of maxillary lateral incisors to the incisal ridge. The ugly thresholds for other smile-related-factors were different between studied groups; for example, the ugly thresholds for gingival exposure levels were 3 and 4mm for dentists and non-professionals, respectively. Thus, our data indicate that altered displays in incisors, gingival margin, and other smile-related-factors affected perceptions of both studied groups on smile aesthetics, but dentists tended to feel more refined than non-professionals. Dentists and non-professionals had significantly different aesthetic perceptions of the alteration of the gingival exposure level. Conclusion: Both dentists and non-professionals’ perceptions should be fully considered during orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment to achieve optimum aesthetic results.
Highlights
With the social development and enhanced quality of life, the human need for aesthetics has been increasingly growing
We report the study with the primary objective of identifying the required modification level in several aesthetic factors related to the smile, which were assessed by both groups
This result is quite similar to our research findings, in which we found that both dentists and non-professionals did not consider a smile ugly with a reduction of 2.5 mm in the crown width of these teeth
Summary
With the social development and enhanced quality of life, the human need for aesthetics has been increasingly growing. As smile is one of the factors that strongly affect facial aesthetics, the field of smile aesthetics has been focusing highly on dental specialties, including orthodontics, prosthodontics, periodontics, and oral-facial surgery. Smile attractiveness is strongly affected by several factors, such as the shape, size, and color of the teeth, teeth arrangement, the space between the teeth, and the surrounding structures (lips and gums) [1,2]. Many patients, with a single or multiple reasons after finishing orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment clinically, cannot achieve ideal aesthetic results. Some factors have not reached a certain benchmark, for example, dental midline shift or inappropriate length/width ratio of crown, lateral incisor too small, midline diastema, gingival margin differences in anterior teeth, as well as gummy smile or occlusal plane discrepancies. In order to achieve desirable aesthetic smile outcomes and to satisfy patients, dentists need to know the acceptable standard deviation within this interval
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