Perceptions of Contested Ottoman Heritage in Europe: An International Study among Students

Abstract

ABSTRACT The paper applies a quantitative approach to investigate students’ perceptions of Ottoman heritage in five countries (Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, and Hungary) along a recently developed cultural route of Ottoman heritage in Europe. It deals with overall perceptions of Ottoman heritage and its subjective recognition as part of the common cultural heritage on a national scale, within the Balkans, and in Europe. The study is conducted online with 627 students in various professional fields and different levels of study. Findings partially support existing literature that highlights the unfavorable situation of Ottoman heritage in the Balkans due to historical reasons, political connotations, and problems of public acceptance. The study reveals generally restrained perceptions of Ottoman heritage but also attitudes becoming more positive when it is closer and clearer related to tourism. Interesting distinctions based on the participants’ nationality and profile are uncovered. Conclusions are drawn about the contested nature of Ottoman heritage and the opportunities for its utilization for cultural tourism development, which is strongly connected not only to the historical past but also to the current policy that should not serve dubious geopolitical agendas but show mutual respect and reciprocity in support of true diversity, pluralism, and tolerance.