Abstract
BackgroundThe university environment offers great opportunity for HIV high-risk behaviors, including unsafe sex and multiple partnerships. Despite recently gained decline of the overall incidence of HIV infection, still significant proportion of youth population are at high risk of HIV infection. The aims of this study were to assess the perception of HIV risk and factors associated with risk perception among students at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted between February and April, 2012 among health science students. A total of 384 students were involved in the study using stratified sampling technique. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were employed. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all cases.ResultsOf the total 384 participated students, 200(52.1%) were females. Out of the total study respondents, 202(52.6%) were sexually experienced. One hundred and nine (59.2%) out of 184 males and 93(46.5%) out of 200 females had had sexual experience. About 23(57.5%) of those age below 20 years, 70(52.2%) of 20-24 years old, and 13(61.9%) of those ages of 25 years or older were perceived themselves as if they have no chance of acquiring HIV infection. Students initiated sexual intercourse at early age (≤8 years) were significantly associated with having multiple partnerships (crude OR =3.6, p = 0.002 for male and crude OR = 1.7, p = 0.04 for female). Statistically significant difference was observed in the distribution of condom use during sexual intercourse among various age groups (p-value = 0.001). Sexual initiation at younger age, having multiple partnerships, inconsistent condom use and alcohol and/or drug abuse were significantly perceived as predictor for an increased risks for HIV infection.ConclusionStudents were engaged in various HIV risk behaviors. Early sexual initiation and alcohol and/or drug abuse were important factors for having multiple partnerships. Poor agreement between having HIV risk behaviors and perception of HIV risk were observed. Attention has to be given on the role of alcohol and/or drug abuse in the participation of HIV risk behaviors in the design and implementation of HIV prevention for university students.
Highlights
The university environment offers great opportunity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) high-risk behaviors, including unsafe sex and multiple partnerships
Age, having multiple partnerships, inconsistent condom use and alcohol and/or drug abuse were significantly perceived as predictor for an increased risks for HIV infection (Table 5)
This study suggests that many participants were engaged in risk behaviors that exposed them to HIV infection
Summary
The university environment offers great opportunity for HIV high-risk behaviors, including unsafe sex and multiple partnerships. According to report at the end of 2005, the number of people living with HIV was 38.6 million. An estimated 4.1 million were newly infected with HIV and 2.8 million lost their lives due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1]. The first case of HIV in Ethiopia was reported in 1984. Since HIV/AIDS become a major public health concern in the country leading the Government of Ethiopia to declare a public health emergency in 2002. In 2007, the estimated adult HIV/AIDS prevalence in Ethiopia was 2.1%. National projections estimated approximately 1.1 million Ethiopians were living with HIV and prevalence was increase slightly to 2.3% by 2009 [2]. The epidemic is currently stable, HIV/AIDS remains a major development challenge for Ethiopians. Food shortages and other socio-economic factors are amplified the impact of the epidemic [2]
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