Perception of Rickets Disease Among Parents in Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

IntroductionRickets involves the softening of bones in children and osteopenia with disordered calcification, leading to a higher proportion of osteoid tissue prior to epiphyseal closure in children. Rickets is common in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The peak age of prevalence is 3–18 months. Signs include bone tenderness, easy fracture, early bone deformity, delayed closure of fontanelles, and softening of skull bones (craniotabes).ObjectiveThis study assesses knowledge in the AlBaha region about rickets’ clinical presentation, causes, complications, and prevention, as well recommendations to educate the community.MethodsIn this descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to people in the AlBaha region to assess knowledge related to rickets in children. The sample size was calculated using calculator.net, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2 was used for analyses with P < 0.05 used for significance.ResultsOf the 692 participants, only 5% reported rickets in their children, but the majority (99%) had heard about rickets. Participants’ knowledge of rickets’ complications was highest for spinal vertebral deformities and lowest for skin deformities. 55% of the participants thought there was no need to stop breast-feeding once rickets is diagnosed, 62% preferred to add fortified milk to the diet, 67% thought that a suitable duration for sunlight exposure is 10 to 15 minutes per day, and 46% thought that sunrise and sunset are suitable times for sun exposure. Preventive measures were believed to depend on having enough exposure to sunlight (77% of participants) and eating vitamin-D rich foods (63%). The majority believed that failure to grow is the most obvious symptom, inadequate milk is the main cause, and exclusive breast-feeding is a major risk factor.ConclusionMost people have heard about rickets, but knowledge about complications and prevention varies.