Abstract
Objective: To understand men’s perception about their feelings, repercussions of lifestyle change and family participation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Qualitative descriptive study conducted between March and June 2016 in Goiânia, Goias, Brazil, using semi-structured interviews with adult men who had an episode of infarction. The analysis of the interviews was based on Grounded Theory, from which the following explanatory categories emerged: Feelings experienced by the patients after diagnosis of AMI; Repercussion of lifestyle change with focus on feeding and physical activity; Family involvement and support. Results: In the midst of the whirlwind of feelings that accompanied the diagnosis of AMI, the fear of finitude and of abandoning the family stood out. Lifestyle change, as an essential element of non-drug treatment, was initiated. However, with regard to feeding, they were partially insufficient due to the lack of adequate nutritional guidelines. As for physical activity, there was adequate awareness, but the difficulty of maintaining the new habit prevailed. Families have proved to be the main source of social support, being decisive in this process. The adherence was partial and the lack of continuity was the main obstacle. Conclusion: The success of continuous therapeutic planning depends on users’ adherence, who experience difficulties in this aspect, even in the face of adequate social support. There is a clear need for raising awareness of secondary prevention and its benefits, of food education and of maintaining habit changes.
Highlights
Ao relatarem as mudanças na dinâmica alimentar familiar, todos os entrevistados, invariavelmente, declararam que apenas um tipo de alimentação era preparado em seus lares, negando a possibilidade de ser preparada uma comida à parte para os mesmos enquanto suas famílias mantinham os hábitos alimentares anteriores
A despeito de todo o suporte social e familiar, os pacientes que vivenciaram a experiência de uma patologia grave, como o infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), frequentemente têm dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento ou em sua manutenção
Exercise training in patients with heart disease: review of beneficial effects and clinical recommendations
Summary
Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de homens sobre seus próprios sentimentos, as repercussões das mudanças no estilo de vida e a participação familiar após infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). A análise das entrevistas se baseou na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (Grounded Theory), de onde emergiram as categorias explicativas: Sentimentos vivenciados pelos pacientes após diagnóstico de IAM; Repercussão da mudança no estilo de vida com enfoque na alimentação e atividade física; Envolvimento e suporte familiar. No que se refere à prática de atividade física, havia conscientização adequada, mas prevaleceu a dificuldade de manutenção do novo hábito. Conclusão: O sucesso do planejamento terapêutico contínuo depende da adesão dos usuários, com existência de dificuldades nesse aspecto, mesmo com suporte social adequado. Torna-se clara a necessidade da conscientização sobre prevenção secundária e seus benefícios, de educação alimentar e da manutenção da mudança de hábitos. Descritores: Estilo de Vida; Infarto do Miocárdio; Pesquisa Qualitativa; Saúde do Homem
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