Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to (1) create percentile curves and norms for the eight subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition (BOT-2) for 6- to 10-year-old Brazilian children and to (2) compare them to the values of the original test manual. To that, we tested a sample of 931 Brazilian children (477 girls, 454 boys) with ages between 6 to 10 with the BOT-2 assessment. The LMS method was used to generate the percentile curves and normative values, with the LMSchartmaker Pro software version 2.54. Results demonstrate that girls had significantly higher scores for the fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity and balance subtests, while boys had significantly higher scores on upper-limb coordination, running speed and agility, and the strength subtests. The findings also indicated higher values for the Brazilian group in the subtests of bilateral coordination, running speed and agility, balance, and upper-limb coordination when compared to the North American normative sample. The percentile curves illustrate the increase in motor proficiency levels as age increases, with different trajectories for each subtest. Future studies should continue the investigation of cultural norms and appropriate assessments for the Brazilian population. Here, the creation of percentile curves and norms that are better suited for the Brazilian population can significantly help with assessment and intervention for motor development in distinct settings and with typical and atypical school-age children.
Highlights
Motor proficiency is the ability to perform several motor skills efficiently, such as running, kicking, and jumping[1]
Several standardized test batteries are used for assessment of motor proficiency in childhood – among those, the most commonly used and wellknown are the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (MABC-2) Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd Edition (BOT-2)
The MABC-2 was translated to the Brazilian population, and the authors confirmed that the original standardized scores established for the MABC-2 are valid in Brazilian children[4]
Summary
Motor proficiency is the ability to perform several motor skills efficiently, such as running, kicking, and jumping[1]. Motor proficiency is key to a healthy development, as low motor proficiency in childhood has been associated with anxiety and depression, poor social skills and low self-esteem, lower quality of life, low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity. Given these negative association, early identification of problems through effective assessment for further intervention is extremely important[3]. All of the tests above have been validated for Brazilian children, except for the KTK and BOT-2 assessments. The TGMD-3 was translated and is a valid and reliable instrument for Brazilian children[4]. The MABC-2 was translated to the Brazilian population, and the authors confirmed that the original standardized scores established for the MABC-2 are valid in Brazilian children[4]
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