Percentage Incidences of Bacteria in Mahseer (Tor putitora), Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fish Collected from Hatcheries and Local Markets of District Malakand and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

R Ullah,A Sajid,R Taj,I Khan,A W Qureshi,A Ullah

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.251747

Abstract

Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.

Highlights

Fish is the best source of proteins, minerals, vitamins and essential nutrients that are a supplementary requirement in diet for infants as well as adults (Abdullah et al, 2011)
Prevalences of bacteria namely Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia odorifera, Enterobacter amnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri were detected in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish collected from different trout hatcheries (Kousar et al, 2020)
The most prevalent isolates bacteria that identified through biochemical test from study fish were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp

Summary

Introduction

Fish is the best source of proteins, minerals, vitamins and essential nutrients that are a supplementary requirement in diet for infants as well as adults (Abdullah et al, 2011). Prevalences of bacteria namely Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia odorifera, Enterobacter amnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri were detected in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish collected from different trout hatcheries (Kousar et al, 2020). The bacterial isolates such as Bacillus moratorium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Listeria monocytogenes, Providential stuartii, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were identified in collected Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from different markets (Shinkafi and Ukwaja, 2010). Whenever the human consumed infected fish with pathogenic bacteria it causes serious diseases such as Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, Salmonella spp. causes salmonellosis, Shigella dysentariae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei causes shigellosis, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB and Escherichia coli causes dysentery (Okafor, 1985; Austin and Austin, 2007)

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