Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the predictive values of percent body fat (PBF) and body mass index (BMI) for cardiovascular risk factors, especially when PBF and BMI are conflicting. BMI was calculated by the standard formula and PBF was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 3859 ambulatory adult Han Chinese subjects (2173 males and 1686 females, age range: 18-85 years) without a history of cardiovascular diseases were recruited from February to September 2009. Based on BMI and PBF, they were classified into group 1 (normal BMI and PBF, N = 1961), group 2 (normal BMI, but abnormal PBF, N = 381), group 3 (abnormal BMI, but normal PBF, N = 681), and group 4 (abnormal BMI and PBF, N = 836). When age, gender, lifestyle, and family history of obesity were adjusted, PBF, but not BMI, was correlated with blood glucose and lipid levels. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular risk factors in groups 2 and 4 were 1.88 (1.45-2.45) and 2.06 (1.26-3.35) times those in group 1, respectively, but remained unchanged in group 3 (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 0.92-1.89). Logistic regression models also demonstrated that PBF, rather than BMI, was independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, PBF, and not BMI, is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that PBF is a better predictor.
Highlights
Obesity, a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of excessive body fat, is closely associated with metabolic derangement-related diseases, and may lead to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and joint problems
More than one quarter (27.5%) of the 3859 subjects fell into normal body mass index (BMI) and high percent body fat (PBF) or high BMI and normal PBF
We showed that individuals with a normal BMI but a high PBF exhibited a cardiovascular risk profile similar to that of those with a high BMI and a high PBF, whereas individuals with a high BMI but a normal PBF showed a cardiovascular risk profile similar to that of those with a normal BMI and a normal PBF (Figure 2)
Summary
A metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of excessive body fat, is closely associated with metabolic derangement-related diseases, and may lead to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and joint problems. In China, more than one third of the adults are overweight or obese, and 10 to 20% of the adult population has diseases related to metabolic disorders [3]. Due to its ease of measurement and calculation, BMI is the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problems within a population. Previous studies have shown that increased BMI is associated with an increased risk of metabolic derangement-related diseases and may be used as an indicator for the prediction of these diseases [6]. Because of the inability of BMI to discriminate between body fat and lean mass, its diagnostic performance in intermediate ranges of body weight
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