Perceiving Spectral Variation: Unsupervised Spectrum Motion Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Abstract

In recent years, deep-learning-based hyperspectral image (HSI) classification methods have achieved significant development. The superior capability of feature extraction from these data-driven methods dramatically improves the classification performance. However, the previous methods usually require to retrain the network from scratch to obtain the capability of feature extraction adaptive for the target image when facing a new HSI to be classified, which is a time-consuming and redundant process. In this paper, we consider putting this process ahead and making the network have a robust capability of feature extraction with generalization through pre-training. Therefore, the network enables to directly extract features of the target HSI without re-training. For this purpose, we rethink the three-dimension (3D) HSI data from a perspective of spectral sequence, and we attempt to extract the spectral variation information as the spectrum motion feature. Then, we construct an unsupervised spectrum motion feature learning framework (SMF-UL), which can be pre-trained on mass unlabeled HSI data to learn the knowledge about perceiving spectral variation. Furthermore, to achieve the expansion of source data for pre-training, we develop an extendable training dataset construction method, which can integrate HSIs of different sizes, number of bands and sensors into a unified training set to utilize the rapidly growing mass unlabeled HSI data effectively. Finally, we use the trained network to directly extract the spectrum motion feature of the target HSI for classification, so the laborious re-training of the network can be avoided. Extensive experiments show that the proposed SMF-UL acquires the robust capability of feature extraction with generalization through unsupervised learning on mass unlabeled HSI data, and the classification performance of extracted spectrum motion feature is competitive to advanced in-domain and cross-domain methods, which shows its flexibility and superiority. The code of SMF-UL will be open at: https://github.com/sssssyf/SMF-UL.