Perceived stress increases susceptibility to visual food cues in fast-food menu selections

Abstract

Individuals who report perceived stress often eat more unhealthy foods and more calories than those with lower stress levels, though individual differences and contexts are important. This study investigated how visual food cues on fast-food menus may increase calorie consumption intentions due to their potential motivational influences. A 2 (presence or absence of visual cues) x 4 (exemplar fast-food restaurant menu) fractionated experiment administered online (N = 325) indicated that when participants viewed menus with visual cues, they selected a greater number of calories to consume. Additionally, data showed an interaction effect of perceived stress and visual cues revealing that visual elements incentivized participants reporting higher stress to select more calories whereas visual cues did not have this effect for people reporting lower levels of perceived stress. Though important limitations exist, a key takeaway is that food cue exposure is another important factor to consider when predicting how stress may affect eating decisions.