Abstract
Heavy drinking is injurious to health and may even lead to death. Previous studies showed that Past-Negative, Present-Fatalistic, and Future time perspectives influence alcohol consumption; however, this study presents evidence that contradicts these claims. Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional model of stress and coping explains that cognitive processes, such as perceived stress, are responsible for individual choices of coping strategies or decision to consume alcoholic beverages. Personal factors also influence time perspectives. This study applies the aforementioned model to hypothesize that the relationship between time perspectives and alcohol consumption is mediated by perceived stress. A total of 307 participants aged 18–22 years (late adolescence) who were habitual consumers of alcohol participated in this study. Mediation analysis was employed and it was revealed that perceived stress did not mediate the relationship between Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives and alcohol consumption. However, perceived stress was found to be a mediator in the relationship between Future time perspective and alcohol consumption. To summarize, dominant Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives can cause alcohol consumption in individuals who possess specific characteristics. Conversely, stress can precipitate alcohol consumption for individuals evincing the Future time perspective.
Highlights
Studies showed that alcohol consumption in Indonesia has increased in almost all provinces from 2007 to 2018 (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2019)
Contrary to the conclusions drawn by McKay et al (2018), this study found that Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives can act as predictors of alcohol consumption
This study found a significant relationship between perceived stress and alcohol consumption, an outcome that supports Rice and Van Arsdale’s (2010) study, which determined that perceived stress can be related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages
Summary
Studies showed that alcohol consumption in Indonesia has increased in almost all provinces from 2007 to 2018 (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2019). Numerous studies have scrutinized the relationship between time perspectives and alcohol consumption (Laghi et al, 2012; McKay et al, 2018; Keough et al, 1999), especially with regard to the Past-Negative, Present-Fatalistic, and Future perspectives. Laghi et al (2012) found a significant positive correlation between Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives and binge drinking in adolescents. McKay et al (2018) performed hierarchical regression analysis and did not find Future orientation to be a significant predictor of problematic alcohol use. These inconsistent results suggest the existence of other psychological factors mediating the relationship between time perspectives and alcohol consumption. An experimental investigation conducted by Stolarski et al (2013) revealed that PastNegative and Present-Fatalistic time perspectives functioned to worsen an individual’s disposition; in contrast, Past-Positive and Present-Hedonistic time perspectives could enhance mood and render individuals less vulnerable to perceiving events as stressful
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