Perceived stress and psychosis: The effect of perceived stress on psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of adolescents.

Abstract

Psychotic-like experiences (PLE) are sub-threshold, non-clinical forms of psychosis which can place an individual at greater risk of development of a psychotic disorder. Subtypes of PLE have also been shown to exist (bizarre experiences, persecutory ideation, perceptual abnormalities and magical thinking). Perceived stress relates to how two individuals may deal with the same objectively stressful event in different ways. The objective of our study was to investigate the extent to which perceived stress is associated with PLE in a community sample of adolescents, whether certain subtypes of PLE correlate more with perceived stress than others and to explore the role of depression with these associations. A total of 655 students completed the community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) and perceived stress scale (PSS). Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between PSS and CAPE and also between perceived stress and the four subtypes of PLE. Regression then explored the effect of perceived stress on PLE when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Positive correlation was found between PSS and total CAPE (r = 0.405, P = 0.000). Positive significant correlation was also found between PSS and each subtype of PLE, with persecutory ideation correlating the strongest and magical thinking the least. Perceived stress was significantly associated with PLE even after adjusting for depression. We recommend that more regular screening of perceived stress in adolescent populations could lead to earlier recognition of PLE. Early treatment has shown to reduce rates of transition to psychosis, and so could benefit our adolescent community in the future.