Perceived Social Stigma, Family Support and Mental Health Issues in Individuals Living with HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Background: In Pakistan, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is compounded by significant socio-economic challenges and a pervasive stigma that undermines effective treatment and prevention strategies. The psychological impacts of HIV/AIDS, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, further complicate disease management, affecting patients' willingness to adhere to treatment and disclose their status. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health issues among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Pakistan and explore the relationships between perceived social stigma, family support, and mental health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients from Nankana Sahib and Faisalabad districts. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through validated Urdu versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), a discrimination scale, and a family support scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and linear regression models. Results: The results indicated that the mean scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly high at 66.6980 ± 17.56598. A strong positive correlation was observed between perceived discrimination (DISC) and DASS scores (r = 0.890, p < 0.01), while perceived family support (PFS) was negatively correlated with DISC scores (r = -0.166, p = 0.043). Regression analysis showed that increased family support significantly mitigated mental health issues, reducing the mean stress, anxiety, and depression scores among participants. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of family support in reducing mental health issues among HIV/AIDS patients in Pakistan. Enhancing family involvement and reducing social stigma could improve treatment adherence and overall health outcomes.