Perceived parental over-protection in non clinical young adults is associated with affective vulnerability: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective. High levels of perceived parental over-protection are hypothesized to be related to relational problems, psychological distress, and development of psychiatric symptoms. Here, the main aim was to extend previous findings investigating the unique contribution of parental over-protection in predicting affective vulnerability. Method. 296 students were recruited and tested individually. All participants were administered self-report measures assessing parental styles [i.e., The Measure of Parental Style (MOPS)], several clinical dimensions (i.e., depressive symptoms, trait anxiety and alexithymia), and a checklist assessing socio-demographic variables. Results. Affective vulnerability was investigated combining anxiety, depression and alexithymia through principal axis factoring which accounted for 70.90% of the variance of the data. All MOPS subscale were positively associated with all clinical dimensions (r > 0.13; p < 0.05) and with the Affective Vulnerability factor (r > 0.25; p < 0.001). Among different forms of dysfunctional parenting, only maternal (β = 0.19; p = 0.007) and paternal (β = 0.18; p = 0.010) over-protection were independently associated with Affective Vulnerability in the linear regression analysis, even when controlling for sex, age, and education. Conclusions. All forms of dysfunctional parenting investigated were associated with affective vulnerability. However, at a multivariate level, only maternal and paternal over-protection remained independently associated with affective vulnerability. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of parental over-protection as a risk factor for the development of affective vulnerability and on the potentially pathogenic role played by this parental style in the development of clinical and sub-clinical conditions.