Perceived criticism in schizophrenia: A comparison of instruments for the assessment of the patient's perspective and its relation to relatives' expressed emotion

Abstract

The expression and perception of expressed emotion (EE) in schizophrenic patients and their relatives are likely to differ. The presented exploratory study compares the two views. EE in relatives of 25 chronic schizophrenic patients was assessed using an extended version of the Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS). Patients rated their relatives with the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS), the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FEICS), and a German questionnaire on family atmosphere (FEF). Forty-eight percent of relatives were rated high in EE, due to criticism in all cases but one. Patients' assessments of the whole family on the FEICS and FEF criticism subscales were related to their relatives' EE status. Correlations between the self-rating instruments were moderate to good. As the patients' and the relatives' views corresponded with regard to the criticism domain, the application of a self-rating instrument may be a simple and useful tool for clinical and research purposes.