Perceived barriers to the effective management of diabetes mellitus among the Wakhi people: A qualitative study

Abstract

One of the effective strategies used to maintain the glucose level and prevent complications associated with diabetes is self-management. It is the responsibility of the diabetic person to manage their chronic condition. The management includes monitoring blood glucose levels, taking diabetic medicine timely, following a diabetic diet plan, and focusing on physical activities to keep the blood glucose level regular. These practices are necessary for the self-management of the disease; however, due to various barriers, patients cannot manage their disease. This study used a qualitative exploratory design to explore the perceived barriers to managing diabetes among the diabetic people of the Wakhi population in District Hunza. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 participants to gain insight into the perception regarding barriers that impede diabetes mellitus self-management. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed four main themes, including Socio-demographic and cultural barriers, personal barriers, healthcare system-related, and diet-related barriers. Each core theme had sub-themes. The critical barrier to the management of diabetes included diet-related barriers and healthcare system issues, and social engagement in rural settings. The findings of this study may help healthcare providers educate their patients about self-management practices, design and develop interventions to educate the patients, and conduct awareness sessions by involving dietitians to educate the patients about culturally and socially suitable diet plans. The identified barriers in the study may help guide the concerned authorities for patient-specific self-care interventions.