Perbedaan rerata dan faktor risiko tekanan intraokuli pada penduduk bali usia 50 tahun keatas didaerah pedesaan dan perkotaan

Abstract

Introduction Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor for glaucoma and highest known at the age of 50 years and above .Demographic represents as a risk factor for IOP and it’s influenced by worsen lifestyle at urban population. Epidemiological studies of IOP based on demographic are still very rare, obtained different results, and haven’t been done in Indonesia. This study aim is to determine the difference of mean IOP and risk factors of Bali population age 50 years above in rural and urban area. Method An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among Bali population aged 50 years and above in November-December 2015. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire and examination of IOP, blood pressure, blood sugar, and waist circumference. T-test was used for detecting mean IOP differences in urban and rural areas. Multivariate analysis was used for detecting association between gender, age, hypertension, central obesity, diabetes and smoking habit with IOP in both areas. Result A total 450 subjects that were eligible (225 subjects rural groups and 225 subjects urban groups). Urban area IOP 16.90 (SD 3.59) mmHg was significantly higher than rural 14.35 (SD 3.52) mmHg (p<0.05;95%CI 1.89 to 3.20). Multivariate analysis showed hypertension, diabetes, and central obesity were associated with urban IOP (p<0.05). Whereas hypertension, diabetes, central obesity and smoking habit were associated with rural IOP (p<0.05). Conclusion Mean IOP in urban is higher than rural area. Hypertention, diabetes melitus and central obesity are the risk factor of IOP in urban and rural area.