Abstract
The large amount of cauliflower industry waste represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. In this work, peptide hydrolysates from cauliflower leaves were characterized by combined bioanalytical approaches. Twelve peptide fractions were studied to evaluate unexplored biological activities by effect-based cellular bioassays. A potent inhibition of intracellular xanthine oxidase activity was observed in human vascular endothelial cells treated with one fraction, with an IC50 = 8.3 ± 0.6 μg/ml. A different fraction significantly induced the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 and decreased the tumor necrosis factor α-induced VCAM-1 expression, thus leading to a significant improvement in the viability of human vascular endothelial cells. Shotgun peptidomics and bioinformatics were used to retrieve the most probable bioactive peptide sequences. Our study shows that peptides from cauliflower waste should be recycled for producing valuable products useful for the prevention of endothelial dysfunction linked to atherogenesis progression.
Highlights
Agricultural and food waste management is a great challenge for global security and environmental governance, directly linked with global competitiveness, increasing population and other economic related factors
Alcalase® displayed a greater degree of hydrolysis over the other common used enzymes, but it was employed in most cases just to obtain antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides [3]
It is certainly interesting to test hydrolysates for less-studied bioactivity since it was suggested that this kind of sample could be a promising source of understudied bioactive peptides [3]; hydrolysates were subjected to dose-effect safety experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Summary
Agricultural and food waste management is a great challenge for global security and environmental governance, directly linked with global competitiveness, increasing population and other economic related factors. Under the European 2020 growth strategy launched in 2010, Europe has set itself the goal of shifting from linear to circular models of production and consumption. This important issue needs advanced efficient alternatives other that landfilling or composting, in order to maximize the value derived from such an important waste source. Food processing wastes and by-products have been considered for the production of antioxidant and ACE inhibitor peptides [3] These peptides are often functionally inactive within the native proteins and must be released by proteolysis (in vivo digestion, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis, or bacterial fermentation) to achieve their potential “bioactive” roles
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