Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies have investigated complementary medical approaches to the treatment of hypertension using dietary supplements. Rice bran protein hydrolysates extracted from rice is a rich source of bioactive peptides. The present study aimed to investigate the vasorelaxation and antihypertensive effects of peptides-derived from rice bran protein hydrolysates (RBP) in a rat model of two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension. 2K-1C hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a silver clip around the left renal artery, whereas sham-operated rats were served as controls. 2K-1C and sham-operated rats were intragastrically administered with RBP (50 mg·kg−1 or 100 mg·kg−1) or distilled water continuously for six weeks. We observed that RBP augmented endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in all animals. Administration of RBP to 2K-1C rats significantly reduced blood pressure and decreased peripheral vascular resistance compared to the sham operated controls (p < 0.05). Restoration of normal endothelial function and blood pressure was associated with reduced plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), decreased superoxide formation, reduced plasma malondialdehyde and increased plasma nitrate/nitrite (p < 0.05). Up-regulation of eNOS protein and down-regulation of p47phox protein were found in 2K-1C hypertensive rats-treated with RBP. Our results suggest that RBP possesses antihypertensive properties which are mainly due to the inhibition of ACE, and its vasodilatory and antioxidant activity.
Highlights
Hypertension is a common risk factor of cardiovascular disease
Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation induced by the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did not differ between (Emax, 62% vs. 86%; EC50, 0.14 μM vs. 0.06 μM, respectively)
Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation induced by the NO donor, SNP did not differ between experimental and D).The
Summary
Hypertension is a common risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The incidence of hypertension is rising rapidly, and is increasing in Thailand and throughout the world [1]. It is generally known that diet and lifestyle modification are among the most effective tools to prevent hypertension and maintain normal blood pressure. Food protein-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have received much attention for prevention of hypertension as well as for therapeutic purposes [6,7,8]. Antihypertensive peptides are the most extensively studied of all the food protein, highlighting their importance in human health and disease prevention and treatment [9,10]. Based on previous reports of the in vitro ACE inhibitory activity of RBP, the present study has used two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension in the rat as an experimental model to investigate the antihypertensive effect of RBP. Given the central role of ACE in activity of RBP, the present study, investigated the antihypertensive and vasorelaxation effects of RBP in 2K-1C renovascular hypertensive rats
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