Abstract
Hormones within very low levels regulate and control the activity of specific cells and organs of the human body. Hormone imbalance can cause many diseases. Therefore, hormone detection tools have been developed, particularly over the last decade. Peptide hormones have a short half-life, so it is important to detect them within a short time. In this study, we report two types of peptide hormone sensors using human hormone receptor-carrying nanovesicles and graphene field-effect transistors (FETs). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and glucagon (GCG) are peptide hormones present in human blood that act as ligands to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this paper, the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR) were expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells, and were constructed as nanovesicles carrying the respective receptors. They were then immobilized onto graphene-based FETs. The two hormone sensors developed were able to detect each target hormone with high sensitivity (ca. 100 fM of PTH and 1 pM of GCG). Also, the sensors accurately recognized target hormones among different types of peptide hormones. In the development of hormone detection tools, this approach, using human hormone receptor-carrying nanovesicles and graphene FETs, offers the possibility of detecting very low concentrations of hormones in real-time.
Highlights
Hormones within very low levels regulate and control the activity of specific cells and organs of the human body
human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells were transfected with pDsRed-N1 containing human parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR)
Since PTHR and glucagon receptor (GCGR) genes are inserted in the pDsRed N-1 vector, expression in HEK-293 cells can be confirmed by fluorescence microscopy
Summary
Hormones within very low levels regulate and control the activity of specific cells and organs of the human body. The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR) were expressed in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells, and were constructed as nanovesicles carrying the respective receptors They were immobilized onto graphene-based FETs. The two hormone sensors developed were able to detect each target hormone with high sensitivity GPCR-carrying nanovesicle-based FET sensors showed high performance real-time detection[22,31,32] They were able to detect target substances with high sensitivity and selectivity. Each of these receptor-carrying nanovesicles was immobilized on a graphene-based FET sensor, and constructed with one or other of the two hormone sensors These sensors can be developed as a tool that can enable diagnosis by detecting hormones. They will be useful as screening tools to discover alternative molecules
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