Abstract
HIV-1 is responsible for a global pandemic of 35 million people and continues to spread at a rate of >2 million new infections/year. It is widely acknowledged that a protective vaccine would be the most effective means to reduce HIV-1 spread and ultimately eliminate the pandemic, whereas a therapeutic vaccine might help to mitigate the clinical course of the disease and to contribute to virus eradication strategies. However, despite more than 30 years of research, we do not have a vaccine capable of protecting against HIV-1 infection or impacting on disease progression. This, in part, denotes the challenge of identifying immunogens and vaccine modalities with a reduced risk of failure in late stage development. However, progress has been made in epitope identification for the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Thus, peptide-based vaccination has become one of the challenges of this decade. While some researchers reconstitute envelope protein conformation and stabilization to conserve the epitope targeted by neutralizing antibodies, others have developed strategies based on peptide-carrier vaccines with a similar goal. Here, we will review the major peptide-carrier based approaches in the vaccine field and their application and recent development in the HIV-1 field.
Highlights
Since the identification of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) as the etiologic agent of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), many efforts have been made to stop the AIDS pandemic
Abundant data have shown that broadly neutralizing antibodies are induced in natural
The envelope (Env) HIV protein is a heavily glycosylated trimeric protein consisting of three glycoprotein 120 molecules noncovalently associated with three transmembrane gp41 molecules [3]
Summary
Since the identification of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) as the etiologic agent of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), many efforts have been made to stop the AIDS pandemic. HIV infection and that such bnAbs, provided by passive transfer, can both protect from HIV in robust animal models and affect ongoing HIV infection in humans [1] This suggests that stimulation of nAbs with broad specificity for all HIV variants by a vaccine is undoubtedly the best approach [2]. Vaccines 2019, 7, 105 is the sole target of nAbs and the determination of the course of Ab-virus coevolution in individuals who develop bnAbs responses. These new parameters serve to design new immunogens and strategies for HIV bnAbs-based vaccines. We will be focused on considerations for their design and delivery, taking into account some recent peptide-vaccine candidates that are rapidly expanding this new area of research to develop a potent and affordable HIV-vaccine
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
