Peptide and Protein Design for Biopharmaceutical Applications

Abstract

List of Contributors . Preface . 1. Introduction ( Knud J. Jensen).. 2. Computational Approaches in Peptide and Protein Design: An Overview ( Garland Marshall and Gregory Nikiforovich ).. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Basics and Tools. 2.3 Computational Study of Cyclopentapeptide Inhibitors of CXCR4. Acknowledgements. References. 3. Aspects of Peptidomimetics ( VeroniqueMaes and Dirk Tourwe). . 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Modified Peptides. 3.3 Pseudopeptides. 3.4 Secondary Structure Mimics (Excluding Turn Mimics). 3.5 Examples of Peptidomimetics. 3.6 Conclusion. References. 4. Design of Cyclic Peptides ( Oliver Demmer, A. O. Frank, and Horst Kessler). . 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Peptide Cyclization. 4.3 Conformation and Dynamics of Cyclic Peptides. 4.4 Concepts in Rational Design of Cyclic Peptides. 4.5 Examples of Cyclic Peptides as Drug Candidates. 4.6 Conclusion. References. 5. Carbohydrates in Design of Peptides and Proteins ( Knud J. Jensen and Jesper Brask). . 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Configurational and conformational Properties of Carbohydrates. 5.3 Carbohydrates in Peptidomimetics. 5.4 Glycopeptides. 5.5 Carbohydrates as Scaffolds in the Design of Non-Peptide Peptidomimetics. 5.6 Sugar Amino Acids. 5.7 Cyclodextrin-Peptide Conjugate . 5.8 Carboproteins: Model Proteins on Carbohydrate Templates. 5.9 Conclusion Remarks. 6. De Novo design of proteins ( Knud J. Jensen). . 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Secondary Structure Elements. 6.3 Assembling a Specified Tertiary Structure from Secondary Structure Elements. 6.4 Proteins on Templates. 6.5 Foldamers. 6.6 Biopharmaceutical Applications of Protein De Novo Design. References. 7. Design of Insulin Variants for Improved Treatment of Diabetes ( Thomas Hoeg-Jensen). . 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Diabetes Management and the Need for Insulin Engineering. 7.3 Insulin Structure. 7.4 Prolonged-acting Insulin Solids. 7.5 Prolonged-acting Insulin Solutions. 7.6 Fast-acting Insulins. 7.7 Glucose-sensitive Insulin Preparations. 7.8 Alternative Insulin Delivery. 7.9 Insulin Mimetics. 7.10 Pushing the Limitations of Insulin Engineering. 7.11 Conclusion. References. Index..