Abstract
Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is one of the pillars of harm reduction strategies for People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). It should be an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) care to increase the uptake, compliance and effectiveness of treatment and also curtail risk behaviors. We aimed to compare TB treatment outcomes in relation to OST among PWID in six regions of Ukraine. A retrospective cohort study using routine programmatic data from centers offering integrated TB and OST (December 2016 - May 2020). OST involved use of methadone or buprenorphine. TB treatment outcomes were standardized. Of 228 PWID (85% male) diagnosed with TB, 104 (46%) had drug-sensitive and 124 (64%) drug-resistant TB. The majority had pulmonary TB (95%), 64 (28%) were HCV-positive and 179 (78%) were HIV-positive, 91% of the latter were also on antiretroviral therapy. There were 114 (50%) PWID with TB on OST. For drug-sensitive TB (n=104), treatment success was significantly higher (61%) in those on adjunctive OST than those not on OST (42%, P<0.001). Similarly, for drug-resistant TB (n=124) treatment success was also significantly higher when individuals were on OST (43%) compared to when not on OST (26%, P<0.001). This operational research study shows that OST is associated with significantly improved treatment success in PWID and can contribute to achieving Universal Health Coverage and the WHO Flagship Initiative "Find.Treat.All. #End TB". We advocate for the scale-up of this intervention in Ukraine.
Highlights
Opioid substitution therapy is one of the pillars of harm reduction strategies for People Who Inject Drugs (PWID)
There was a total of 228 PWID with TB from six regions of Ukraine, 84% were male in the age group 4050 years (54%) and unemployed (68%)
Drug-sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in People Who Inject Drugs stratified by Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) in Ukraine (December 2016 – May 2020, N = 104)
Summary
Opioid substitution therapy is one of the pillars of harm reduction strategies for People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). Opioid substitution therapy (OST – using methadone or buprenorphine) is one of the pillars of harm reduction strategies for People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). OST should be an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) care so as to increase the uptake, compliance and effectiveness of treatment and at the same time, curtail risk behaviours [1,2,3,4,5,6]. PWID are considered a “key population” group who are often socially marginalized and have limited access to health services [7] They are at a 20 to 50 times higher risk of contracting HIV infection than the general population and contribute to about 10% of all new HIV infections globally [8]. Finding ways of improving the detection of TB among PWID is important and aligns well with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving Universal
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