Pension Security Level of Urban Employees in China Based on CHIPs

Abstract

In 2019, the Chinese government has put forward comprehensive plan for reducing social insurance premium rate, which will affect the measurement of the pension security level. In order to evaluate the pension level, this paper uses CHIPs data from 1988 to 2018 to calculate “empirical” pension replacement rate by “empirical” method based on different wage calibers. The result shows that the pension replacement rate and income replacement rate of urban employees have gradually declined in the past 30 years. The pension level of nonprivate employees is lower than that of insured employees, and that of insured employees is lower than that of full‐scale employees. The pension level of male, high‐income groups, the older generation, organs, and institutions is much higher than that of female, low‐income groups, the younger generation, and enterprises relatively. Compared with other countries, the pension replacement rate of urban employees in China is not low, but the income replacement rate is relatively low. This paper makes an in‐depth analysis of the actual pension level under the new policy. As a result, it is necessary to vigorously develop multilevel and multipillar pension system such as enterprise annuity, occupational annuity, and commercial pension insurance, so as to improve the pension level of urban employees.