Abstract
This chapter is a case study for rural pensions. Rural social pension insurance (RSPI) was forced to stop in 1998, but in fact, it was never actually disbanded. Urbanization and industrialization in well-developed areas of China triggered the need to build a welfare system. A new round of rural welfare schemes is installed in these regions in detail. In the summer of 2003, the writer went to Beijing, Zhejiang, and Shanghai for an RSPI investigation, and was surprised to find out that RSPI was stepping onto a new stage as industrialization and urbanization spread. Pension schemes had been established in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Beijing. The contributions came from the state, the local government, the collective, and the individual. This chapter mainly examines pension schemes based on fieldwork in those areas; it also discusses the links between urban and rural welfare schemes.
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