Pennisetum glaucum Protein Extract Protects RBC, Liver, Kidney, Small Intestine from Oxidative Damage and Exhibits Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet Activity

Abstract

Objective High level of exogenous ROS in the circulation affects RBC membrane integrity which facilitates the generation of endogenous RBC ROS, implicated in series of physiological changes primarily associated with thrombosis and vital tissue damage. Although, Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) stores abundance of proteins, their therapeutic potential is least explored. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of Pennisetum Glaucum Protein Extract (PGE) on oxidative stress induced cell/tissue damage and thrombosis. Method In this investigation, protein characterization was done by using SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE, PAS-staining and HPLC. In-vitro oxidative stress was induced in RBC using sodium nitrite. While, in-vivo oxidative stress was induced in experimental rats using diclofenac. Stress markers and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Role of PGE on thrombosis was assessed by using, in-vitro plasma recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, mouse tail bleeding time (In-vivo) and platelet aggregation. Results: PGE revealed varied range of molecular weight proteins on SDS-PAGE. PGE normalized the sodium nitrite induced oxidative damage of RBC and diclofenac induced oxidative damage in liver, kidney and small intestine. PGE exhibited anticoagulant effect by increasing the coagulation time of both PRP and PPP and mouse tail bleeding time. Furthermore, PGE prolonged the clotting time of only APTT but did not affect PT. PGE inhibited agonists ADP and epinephrine induced platelet aggregation. Conclusion Our findings suggest, PGE could be a better contender in the management of oxidative stress and its associated diseases. Abbreviations PGE Pennisetum Glaucum protein Extract APPT Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time PT Prothrombin Time ROS Reactive Oxygen Species PRP Platelet Rich Plasma PPP Platelet Poor Plasma SDS-PAGE Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis PAS Periodic Acid-schiff Staining OD Optical Density INR International Normalized Ratio PBS Phosphate Buffered Saline SOD Superoxide Dismutase TCA Trichloro Acetatic Acid DTNB Di-Thio-bis-NitroBenzoic acid SGOT Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase SGPT Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ALP Alkaline Phosphatase DFC Diclofenac Syl Silymarin MED Minimum Edema Dose MHD Minimum Hemorrhagic Dose