Abstract
Total penile reconstruction aims to either reestablish a functioning phallus in men who have suffered traumatic amputation or are born with congenital anomalies or to create a neophallus in female to male transgender patients as part of their gender-confirmation surgery. Reconstructive and functional goals include the ability to void while standing, having erogenous sensation of the tissue, and having the ability to engage in penetrative sexual intercourse. Several techniques for total phalloplasty exist, which include both microsurgical and non-microsurgical approaches. In this review chapter, we outline the most common techniques, provide recent data on patient outcomes, and review operative considerations. This review contains 14 figures, 1 table, and 84 references. Key Words: aphallia, bottom surgery, female-to-male, neophallus, penile reconstruction, perineal reconstruction, phallus, transgender surgery
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