Abstract
A parasitoid, Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced from Thailand into Indonesia in early 2014 to control the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). To determine its potential uses and effect on non-target species, behavioural observation of the parasitoids were made on four species of mealybugs, i.e. P. manihoti, Paracoccus marginatus Williams-Granara de Willink, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel-Miller, and Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). For that purposes, a set of tests were conducted which includes host susceptability, preference, and suitability. Tests were conducted by exposing a female parasitoid to 3rd instar nymphs of each mealybug species in a petri dish. For susceptability test, parasitoid A. lopezi encounterend P. manihoti more often (13.70 ± 7.18 visits per 30 minutes) as compared to P. marginatus (985 ± 10.24), P. jackbeardsleyi (6.60 ± 3.62), and F. virgata (5.75 ± 4.09). So did ovipositor probing occurred more on P. manihoti (8.20 ± 5.68 probes per 30 minutes) than on P. marginatus (0.70 ± 1.84), P. jackbeardsleyi (0.35 ± 0.68), and F. virgata (0.10 ± 0.45). For preference test, host encounter and ovipositor probing by the parasitoid were more common on P. manihoti as opposed to other mealybug species. Out of four mealybug species tested, P. manihoti was the only suitable host for parasitoid development, with the number of progenies emerged 7.40 ± 2.17 individuals per 3 female parasitoids exposed in 24 hour. Host specifity exhibited by parasitoid A. lopezi may prevent adverse effect to other mealybug species inhabiting cassava fields.
Highlights
Kutu putih singkong, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), merupakan hama yang berasal dari Amerika Selatan
Host encounter and ovipositor probing by the parasitoid were more common on P. manihoti as opposed to other mealybug species
Out of four mealybug species tested, P. manihoti was the only suitable host for parasitoid development, with the number of progenies emerged 7.40 ± 2.17 individuals per 3 female parasitoids exposed in 24 hour
Summary
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bionomi dan Ekologi Serangga, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelisikan ovipositor, pengisapan inang, banyaknya inang yang terparasit oleh imago A. lopezi, banyaknya telur atau larva parasitoid yang ditemukan di dalam tubuh inang digunakan sebagai kriteria untuk menentukan kerentanan spesies inang. P. manihoti, F. virgata, P. jackbeardsleyi, dan P. marginatus diinfestasikan pada umbi kentang yang bertunas dan ditempatkan di dalam gelas plastik (d = 8 cm, t = 12 cm) dengan bagian atasnya tertutup kain kasa. Kerentanan spesies inang (uji tanpa pilihan) Pada percobaan tanpa pilihan terhadap empat spesies kutu putih, parasitoid A. lopezi memperlihatkan respons yang berbeda nyata dalam hal penemuan inang (P = 0,002), penelisikan ovipositor (P < 0,001) dan banyaknya inang terparasit (P < 0,001) (Tabel 1). Urutan kerentanan keempat spesies kutu putih terhadap parasitoid A. lopezi, dimulai dari yang paling rentan, yaitu P. manihoti, P. marginatus, P. jackbeardsleyi, dan F. virgata. Penelisikan ovipositor, pengisapan inang, dan inang terparasit oleh parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi pada pengujian kerentanan inang (uji tanpa pilihan)
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