Pengguron as an Educational Center in Cirebon-Indonesia in the 15-16 Centuries

Abstract

This study tries to trace the background of the appearance of Pengguron Sunan Gunung Jati and Pengguron Sunan Gunung Jati's characteristics, Pengguron Sunan Gunung Jati's role in education and social policy in the lives of Muslims in the 15-16 century and the status of the sufi order (thariqat) of both Satariyah and Muhammadiyah in Pengguron Sunan Gunung Jati. This research uses the functionalism theory as outlined by Bronislow Malinowski, the theory of the politics of power of Machiavelli outlined in The Prince and the Discourses, and the theory of thariqat as deeply elaborated in the texts of both Ratu Raja Fatimah based and the Muhammadiyah based Syathariyah. The study is conducted through historical methods consisting of five steps (determining the research topic, heuristics, source criticism, the interpretation and historiography). Research findings show the background of the establishment of Pengguron of Sunan Gunung Jati, the Pengguron of Sunan Gunung Jati’s peculiar characteristics as the early form of Islamic education institution in the archipelago, the roles of Pengguron of Sunan Gunung Jati in the 15-16 M century of Islamic propagation both in Cirebon or its surrounding areas, and the positions of the so-called Rama masters in relation to the sufi orders practiced in the Pengguran of Sunan Gunung Jati.