Abstract
Indonesian turpentine contains 65-85% α-pinene, 1% camphene, 1-3% β-pinene, 10-18% 3-carene and 1-3% limonene. The largest content of turpentine is alpha pinene. Alpha pinene is also a monoterpene compound that has double bonds and is the main raw material in the perfume industry. In addition, alpha pinene is also an important raw material for the manufacture of fine chemicals that have high sales value such as pine oil, camphor and alpha terpineol. To increase the sale value, alpha pinene can be further processed into derivative compounds such as alpha terpineol and alpha terpinyl acetate. Both are valuable derivative compounds used in the perfume industry and the pharmaceutical industry. Hydration is the reaction between alpha pinene and water to produce alpha terpineol compounds. In the reaction process that will be carried out on alpha pinene usually uses a catalyst that can accelerate the reaction rate without becoming a byproduct, catalyst used in this study is a type of resin. This study aims to study the effect of temperature variables at temperatures of 65, 75, 85 and 95⁰C. The conversion of alpha pinene increase with increasing reaction temperature. Assuming a reversible reaction, the relationship of temperature to each reaction rate constant is determined according to the Arrhenius equation.
Highlights
Indonesian turpentine contains 65-85% α-pinene, 1% camphene, 1-3% β-pinene, 10-18% 3-carene and 1-3% limonene
To increase the sale value, alpha pinene can be further processed into derivative compounds such as alpha terpineol and alpha terpinyl acetate
Both are valuable derivative compounds used in the perfume industry and the pharmaceutical industry
Summary
Dalam jenis minyak atsiri di Indonesia terdapat 20 jenis yang menjadi komoditi ekspor, di antaranya serai wangi, nilam, akar wangi, kenanga, kayu putih, cengkeh, cendana, pala, kruing, gaharu, lawang dan terpentin. Produk gondorukem dapat diolah lebih lanjut untuk bahan baku industri kosmetik, antiseptik, perekat, cat, dan lain-lainnya. Sedangkan terpentin dapat digunakan untuk bahan baku industri minyak cat, bahan pelarut, isolasi, dan farmasi dan lain-lainnya. Alpha pinene adalah suatu senyawa golongan monoterpen yang memiliki ikatan rangkap dan menjadi bahan baku utama dalam industri parfum. Α pinene juga merupakan bahan baku penting pembuatan fine chemicals yang mempunyai nilai jual tinggi seperti minyak pinus (pine oil), camphor, dan α terpineol (Fleig, 2010). Reaksi hidrasi ini secara keseluruhan merupakan reaksi kompleks yang berjalan lambat sehingga peneliti menggunakan salah satu katalis resin padat yaitu Amberlyst 36 untuk mempercepat reaksi tanpa mengubah produk akhir. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengaruh suhu reaksi dengan menggunakan katalis untuk reaksi hidrasi dan memformulasikan perlakuan pada katalis Amberlyst 36 agar diperoleh α terpineol dan α terpinyl acetate yang optimum
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