Pengaruh Kandungan Komponen Minor dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Proses Pemurnian Karotenoid

Abstract

Crude palm oil (CPO) contains some minor component which has antioxidant activity such as carotenoid and vitamin E. However, heat and chemical exposure in extraction processing can decrease the antioxidant activity of that compound. This research was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the palm oil extract from each stages process. CPO wereextracted with non polar solvent (hexane), then processed through transesterification, solvolytic miscellization and saponification. Concentration of carotene extract was determined using UV-Visible spectrophotometry at λ 446 nm, the composition of α- and β-carotene and total vitamin E using high performance liquid chromatograpy, ester and triglyceride contents by gas chromatography. Carotene antioxidant activity of extracts were tested using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) with incubation time 30 min and 60 min. Carotene concentrations increased according to the stage of the extraction process, where the concentration of extract control reached 514 mcg/ml, rised to 599 mcg/ml in extract I, increased to 7,346 mcg/ml in extract II and rised extremely into 229,968 mcg/ml in extract III. All of extracts has content of β-carotene (64.60-68.56%) was higher than α-carotene (31.44-35.40%). The antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) of carotene extracts in extract Iwith incubation time at t-60 was 5.610 mcg/ml, more powerful than control extract, extract II and extract III. However, all of carotene extracts showed very high antioxidant activity which is lower than 50 mcg/ml.