Abstract
This article is the conceptual view of goal setting theory and effects of goal setting on individual performance. Goal setting is recognized, and is a major theory of work motivation. Difficult goals have consistently been shown to lead to higher levels of performance than easy goals. If there is no commitment, a goal can have no motivational effect. Goals are central to current treatments of work motivation, and goal commitment is a necessary condition for difficult goals to result in higher task performance.Keywords : goals, goal-setting theory, performance
Highlights
This article is the conceptual view of goal setting theory and effects of goal setting on individual performance
Difficult goals have consistently been shown to lead to higher levels of performance
Goals are central to current treatments of work motivation
Summary
Hipotesis yang diuji oleh Locke (1968) adalah pengaruh knowledge of result dan partisipasi pada evaluasi dan kesadaran mental dari situasi tugas yang dihasilkan dalam goal aspiration. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian Chacko danMc Elroy (1983) juga mengungkapkan bahwa baik participative goal setting maupun assigned goal setting dapat membawa pada higher goal levels hanya bila individu dapat membuat hubungan kognitif tertentu dengan performance. Locke dan Latham (1996) menyatakan bahwa goal commitment berdampak pada proses goal setting yang akan berkurang bila ada goal conflict. Hasil penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh Appelbaum dan Hare (1996) menyatakan bahwa self efficacy merupakan social cognition construct atau social learning yang menunjukkan keyakinan seseorang terhadap kemampuannya dalam menyusun tugas tertentu dan merupakan prediktor bagi motivasi dan task performance, serta berpengaruh dalam personal goal setting individu. Selanjutnya, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Umstot, Bell, dan Mitchell (1976) yang menemukan bahwa prosedur job enrichment yang telah menghapus elemen-elemen goal setting akan membawa pada peningkatan job satisfaction tetapi gagal dalam meningkatkan produktivitas (Locke dan Latham, 1996).
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