Abstract

This study describes the neglected citizenship rights of minority communities as a manifestation of the negligence of minority rights and the failure of democracy as interpreted through the Novel Maryam. Maryam is a novel that tells the problems of the Ahmadiyah as minority in fulfilling their citizenship rights. The strength of this novel is based on a real incident of discrimination against Ahmadiyah that occurred in Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). The problem raised is how forms of discrimination and citizenship rights are not obtained by the character Maryam and other Ahmadiyah figures depicted in Maryam's novel. This research uses a literary sociology approach and the concept of representing reality in texts. The data collection method was carried out using literature study and notetaking techniques. Data analysis used descriptive analysis method with interpretive techniques. The results of the analysis show that the discrimination experienced by Ahmadiyah resulted in their unfulfilled citizenship rights. There are several citizenship rights that Ahmadiyah leaders have not fulfilled, including (1) the religious freedom, (2) the housing right (3) the education right, (4) the legal protection, and (5) the equal right in economic sector. In this study, it was concluded that Novel Maryam provides space for the issue of discrimination against religious minorities as a reflection of the failure of democracy in Indonesia. Even though there are many rules that provide space for equal identity rights, in reality this is not easy to put into practice. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan hak kewarganegaraan masyarakat minoritas yang terabaikan sebagai wujud dari pengabaian hak-hak kewarganegaraan minoritas dan kegagalan demokrasi yang diinterpretasikan melalui Novel Maryam. Maryam merupakan novel yang mengisahkan persoalan kaum minoritas Ahmadiyah dalam pemenuhan hak-hak kewarganegaraanya. Kekuatan novel ini didasarkan sebuah peristiwa nyata diskriminasi terhadap kaum Ahmadiyah yang terjadi di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Permasalahan yang dikemukakan adalah bentuk diskriminasi dan hak-hak kewarganegaraan yang tidak diperoleh oleh tokoh Maryam dan tokoh Ahmadiyah lainnya yang tergambar dalam novel Maryam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan konsep representasi realitas di dalam teks. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode studi pustaka dan teknik baca catat. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan teknik interpretatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa diskriminasi yang dialami tokoh Ahmadiyah mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya hak-hak kewarganegaraan mereka. Ada beberapa hak kewarganegaraan yang tidak terpenuhi oleh tokoh Ahmadiyah, yaitu (1) hak kebebasan beragama, (2) hak mendapatkan tempat atau hunian yang baik, (3) hak atas pendidikan, (4) hak untuk bebas dari penyiksaan dan kekerasan, dan (5) hak mendapatkan ekonomi yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Novel Maryam mengangkat isu diskriminasi kepada kaum minoritas sebagai cerminan kegagalan demokrasi di Indonesia. Meskipun sudah banyak aturan yang memberikan ruang bagi kesetaraan hak identitas, pada kenyataanya hal ini tidak mudah dipraktikkan.

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