Abstract
This paper is aimed at investigating the status determination of State Capital City and its influence in establishing people welfare. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis method by explaining a whole general description and systematic phenomena occurred. Determination of territory becoming state capital city as a special territorial unit in accordance with Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is regulated by historical factor, regional needs factor, and regional atmosphere factor. Then, it is regulated through specific laws established by the government on the basis of philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects. The regional government of capital city has an important role to achieve welfare, with various aspects of community life related to the aspects of justice, law enforcement, respect for human rights, acceleration of economic development, improvement and development for existed communities in the region, which is not only determined by the government, but also based on individual aspiration (citizens), especially the majority of Muslim communities, in order to realize the Indonesian nation in protecting the entire Indonesian nation, advancing general welfare, educating nation life, and involving in realizing people welfare.
Highlights
This paper is aimed at investigating the status determination of State Capital City
The method used in this study is descriptive analysis method
Determination of territory becoming state capital city as a special territorial unit in accordance with Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is regulated by historical factor
Summary
Penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah dalam bentuk Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia diarahkan agar daerah lebih mandiri dalam menentukan seluruh kegiatan. Demi mewujudkan keadilan bagi daerah, selain adanya penyelenggaraan kewenangan otonomi seluas-luasnya, diperlukan juga adanya pengakuan dan penghormatan dari negara terhadap satuan pemerintahan yang bersifat khusus dan istimewa.(4) Amanat amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah dirumuskan lebih lanjut melalui Undangundang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999, yang. Berdasarkan Pasal 18B ayat (1) UndangUndang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, “Negara mengakui dan menghormati satuan-satuan pemerintahan daerah yang bersifat khusus atau bersifat istimewa yang diatur dengan undang-undang.”. Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di bawah konsep Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia tetap dimungkinkan adanya pola-pola pengaturan yang bersifat pluralisme seperti pemberlakuan daerah dengan otonomi khusus Aceh dan Papua,(3) daerah istimewa, sebagaimana yang diberlakukan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Maka, penting untuk melakukan kajian yang berfokus pada permasalahan bagaimana penetapan suatu daerah khusus ibukota dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia; dan bagaimana pengaruh Daerah Khusus Ibukota Negara dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan ummat?
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