Abstract
ABSTRACTIt has been shown that penconazole (PEN) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing stress tolerance in plants. The effect of PEN (15 mg l–1) and sodium chloride (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on some biochemical and molecular responses of safflower was studied. Results revealed that chlorophylls and total soluble protein contents decreased under salinity, however total carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and carbohydrate contents increased as well as SOS1 and NHX1 genes expression. The exogenous PEN had a positive effect on chlorophylls, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, soluble protein and carbohydrate contents. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the exogenous PEN induced expression of SOS1 and NHX1 genes in both salt-treated and untreated plants. Our data indicate that PEN helps safflower plants to better cope with salt stress. The results can provide new insights to better realizing the responsible mechanisms to regulate salinity resistance in safflower. PEN can be considered in order to ameliorate salinity effects, due to the low price and their availability.
Highlights
Salt poses particular challenges to global agriculture as it already affects 20% of cultivated and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands (Shrivastava and Kumar, 2015), with some predictions that salinization could impact 50% of arable lands by 2050 (Jamil et al, 2011)
Results revealed that chlorophylls and total soluble protein contents decreased under salinity, total carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and carbohydrate contents increased as well as salt overly sensitive-1 (SOS1) and NHX1 genes expression
Our results indicate that PEN helps safflower plants to better cope with salt stress
Summary
Salt poses particular challenges to global agriculture as it already affects 20% of cultivated and 33% of irrigated agricultural lands (Shrivastava and Kumar, 2015), with some predictions that salinization could impact 50% of arable lands by 2050 (Jamil et al, 2011). Salinity is an environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity in arid and semiarid regions (Aftab et al, 2011). It is a significant problem in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) production in many areas in the world (Shaki et al, 2017). Like most of the cultivated plants, growth and yield of safflower decrease under salinity (Bassil and Kaffka 2002). Safflower is rated as a moderately salt tolerant plant and it can produce profitable crops on saline soils (Bassil and Kaffka, 2002; Kaya and Ipek, 2003). Kind of herbaceous plant, belongs to Asteraceae family and has been widely cultivated for its oil and flowers (Bassil and Kaffka 2002; Sadeghi et al 2013)
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