Abstract
To enhance the mass change sensitivity of the resonating piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors, we reduced its length and eliminated one layer of its composite structure. As a result the mass sensitivity of the second flexural mode increased by two orders of magnitude (from 10(-9) to 10(-11)g/Hz) and the resonant frequency increased by more than 5 kHz. We demonstrate the effects of modification by detecting a model pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS) at 700 cells/mL. The resonant frequency change of the second mode at concentrations of 700, 7 x 10(3), 7 x 10(5), 7 x 10(6), 7 x 10(7), and 7 x 10(9)cells/mL resulted in, respectively, 3.1+/-0.5, 11.6+/-1, 15.7+/-1, 25.7+/-0.15, 28.5+/-2, and 40.5+/-3 ng (n=3 for all) of pathogen attachment. A kinetic model for the binding is proposed and verified. The observed binding rate constant was found to be in the range of 0.051-0.166 min(-1). The significance of the results we report is that the modified PEMC sensors have high mass sensitivity that pathogens can be detected at very low concentration under liquid immersion conditions.
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