Pelviscopic Surgery: A Key for Conserving Fertility

Abstract

As a result of experience with more than 16,000 pelviscopic operative procedures performed at the Kiel University Women's Clinic from 1971 to 1988 which in this time had been adapted and used around the world, it may be said that the pelviscopic operative techniques, based completely on the laparotomy techniques which employ the microscissors, needles and suture material, is superior for many of the classical gynecological indications to operation. Minimally invasive surgery reduces hospitalization for even the most difficult cases to approximately 3 days. Convalescence is also reduced to approximately 1 week. Postoperative complaints are few, particularly when the primary exudate is removed through an abdominal drain. Late complications are practically unknown. It must be said that even the most minimal of operative procedures can produce late postoperative complaints or can be ascribed as the source of late postoperative complaints. Experiences gathered from around the world with endoscopically guided intraabdominal surgery have shown that for some gynecological procedures laparotomy is now indicated only in the rare case. The leading example of this switch can be seen in the operative treatment of the ectopic pregnancy. Following closely are operations to correct sterility such as salpingolysis, ovariolysis, fimbrioplasty, and salpingostomy. Finally pelviscopic treatment is increasing for all benign ovarian tumors, and the enucleation of myomas of up to 400 grams in weight. Endoscopically guided intraabdominal surgery also has a place in the field of general abdominal surgery--that of treatment of chronic abdominal adhesions. These procedures in the future should basically commence with endoscopic adhesiolysis, the patient having had the proper preoperative bowel preparation. Because of this minimally invasive technique the surgeon will only rarely be forced to perform laparotomy. In the case of abdominal adhesions a prerequisite for pelviscopic treatment is the visually controlled perforation of the peritoneum. Endoscopic surgery, in contrast to open laparoscopy, has a large periumbilical radius of action and produces no postoperative scars. In Kiel operative pelviscopy has replaced 80% of the classic gynecological laparotomies. The recurrence rate of adhesions is 84% with laparotomy compared with a recurrence rate of less than 40% with postendoscopic adhesiolysis. Forty to sixty percent of the patients who underwent pelviscopic adhesiolysis are complaint-free; this is a result not attained with classical abdominal surgery. Adhesiolysis per laparotomy is now limited to the emergency situation, as in the cases of ileus, for example. Endoscopically guided intraabdominal surgery has now improved the quality of life for surgical patients.