Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system needs revision or abandonment: The anatomy study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine the female urogenital hiatus (UGH) and perineal body gross and topographic anatomy; to analyze the POP-Q recommendation for evaluating UGH and PB. Study designA prospective case series study on fifteen fresh human adult female cadavers was conducted in international settings. Stratum-by-stratum, macro-, and micro-anatomical dissections to study the UGH and PB gross-topographic anatomy. In addition, HGH and PB descriptive anatomy presented in the medical literature were analyzed. The primary outcome measured the accuracy of POP-Q in the assessment of UGH and PB. Additionally, digital photos were taken to document UGH and PB gross and topographic anatomy. ResultsThe present study confirmed that the urogenital hiatus was a well-described structure in the medical literature. It is an oval-shaped structure that originated at the inferior pubic bone and was inserted into the posterior anal wall and superior surface of the PB. In all subjects, the location of UGH was in the Retzius space. Therefore, the recommendation by the POP-Q to evaluate UGH from the middle urethral meatus to the posterior hymeneal ring was incorrect because it did not accurately reflect the total longitudinal diameter of UGH.The PB topographic anatomy was not appropriately described in the literature. PB was an oval-shaped, solid, muscular mass without the central point of the perineum or fascia and rested between the posterior-distal vaginal wall and the anterior anorectal wall in a horizontal orientation and was not a part of the posterior perineum as the POP-Q system indicated. Therefore, a vertical measurement of the perineal body as recommended by POP-Q was impossible to obtain due to its horizontal orientation under the posterior-distal vaginal wall; PB had to be measured horizontally. The median length was 4.2 cm ± 1.6 (SD). ConclusionsThe POP-Q system does not adequately assess UGH and PB and needs revision.