Abstract
Pelvic lymphadenectomy is a common surgical procedure in gynecologic oncology. Pelvic lymph node dissection is performed for all types of gynecological malignancies to evaluate the extent of a disease and facilitate further treatment planning. Most studies examine the lymphatic spread, the prognostic, and therapeutic significance of the lymph nodes. However, there are very few studies describing the possible surgical approaches and the anatomical variations. Moreover, a correlation between anatomical variations and lymphadenectomy in the pelvic region has never been discussed in medical literature. The present article aims to expand the limited knowledge of the anatomical variations in the pelvis. Anatomical variations of the ureters, pelvic vessels, and nerves and their significance to pelvic lymphadenectomy are summarized, explained, and illustrated. Surgeons should be familiar with pelvic anatomy and its variations to safely perform a pelvic lymphadenectomy. Learning the proper lymphadenectomy technique relating to anatomical landmarks and variations may decrease morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, accurate description and analysis of the majority of pelvic anatomical variations may impact not only gynecological surgery, but also spinal surgery, urology, and orthopedics.
Highlights
We present an anatomical classification of the pelvic lymph nodes rather than a clin ical one
Surgeons should be aware of the possible presence of accesOA arising from the external iliac artery (EIA) or its branches is classified as an aberrant obturator artery
Anatomical variations of the external iliac vein (EIV) are less common than the Common Iliac Vein Anatomy (CIV) and internal iliac vein
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is a common surgical procedure in gynecologic oncology [1]. Most studies examine the lymphatic spread, the prognostic, and therapeutic significance of pelvic lymph nodes. There are very few studies describing the possible surgical approach, dissection techniques and anatomical variations [5]. Learning t enectomy technique relating to anatomical landmarks and variations bidity and mortality [7]. The present article aims to define, detail, and atomic landmarks during PLND in gynecologic oncology. Furthermo most common anatomical variations (of nerves, vessels, ureters) and anatomy and its variations to safely perform. The present article aims to define, detail, and summarize the anatomic landmarks during PLND in gynecologic oncology. A summary of the most common anatomical variations (ofand nerves, vessels, ureters) and potential complications
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