Pelvic and Lower Limb Kinematics in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain During Sit-to-Stand Function: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the 3-dimensional movement kinematics of pelvic and lower limb joints in CLBP subjects, compared to healthy individuals, utilizing a functional data analysis (FDA) approach. MethodsIn this study, a 7-camera Qualisys motion capture system was employed to record the kinematics of the pelvic, hip, knee, and ankle joints in 20 patients with low back pain (LBP) and 20 control subjects on both sides during the sit-to-stand motion. An FDA statistical approach was utilized to compare the data collected over time between the 2 groups. The STS task was divided into two distinct phases: the prelift off phase (pre-Lo) and the postlift off phase (post-Lo). ResultsDuring the “pre-Lo phase” of the STS motion, our statistical analysis revealed that the only significant difference between the two groups was a decreased medial rotation (P = .00) in the hip joint position of LBP patients on their dominant side, in comparison to healthy subjects. As for the “post-Lo phase,” the LBP group exhibited a more anterior pelvic tilt position (P = .00) and increased pelvic counterclockwise rotation (P = .03) in the sagittal and transverse planes when compared to the control group. Regarding hip joints, the LBP group demonstrated a more flexed position (indicative of reduced extension) on both the dominant (P = .00) and nondominant (P = .00) sides, coupled with diminished abduction (P = .04) and internal rotation (P = .03) of the hip on the dominant side. In relation to the knee and ankle joints, the results indicated a more adducted knee position (P = .00) and decreased ankle joint flexion (P = .02) on the dominant side in CLBP subjects when compared to the healthy group during the STS motion. ConclusionOur findings indicate that patients with CLBP exhibited distinct kinematic patterns in the pelvic and lower limb joints during the STS motion. These kinematic alterations primarily manifest in the joints of the dominant limb, with most of the differences observed during the second phase (postlift off phase) of the motion. It appears that these changes in pelvic and lower limb joint kinematics should be taken into account when planning future rehabilitation programs for CLBP patients engaged in this task.